Tuesday, June 8, 2010

Why Is History Important to ME?

Why is history important to you?

This will be a treat for most of you who already know me, this I will say about History. We learned that History is stories brought up by men in some form or another. We also know there is a ‘BIAS’ when it comes to making these stories plausible (If the government (OUR Loving US Government) makes up the funding to provide the necessary composition for readers, followers, worship, they will most likely make themselves look better than we really are).

Although, in history we tend to make mistakes as we go along time lines after time lines of suffering, events, essential progression, we also see ourselves repeating time again in a big circle (JUST more advance as we progress as humans). We are simply human, dominant creatures who thrive for power and glory. Always will there be wars, conflicts, but we have noone to blame really, but ourselves. Wars haven’t not fled our cultures or our hearts, just simply made more productive, and more dangerous as we grow in numbers. It’s in our blood, this thirst for progression. Because that’s who we are, we are survivors, we are who we are.

When you think about history think about how we began to develop skills, knowledge, learn from one another from past mistakes. We have kept record of our human race for as long as time started. We have used this knowledge, and passed it on through our generations, our ancestries. We have used time lines, events, catastrophes, chaos, destruction, pointless wars as reference to our next move. From these eras, we developed great minds, and thinkers, philosophers, teachers, to help us understand our progression, and who we are. Our parent shave taught us how to behave, who to like, who to hate, who to martyr?

There is little truth to what we are in history, for we are not perfect. Science is the number one reason why we are still progressing, learning, but our rules, our laws keep us in check from actually progressing as the humans as we should be. Understanding the operations of people, and societies is difficult, though a number of disciplines make the attempt. We grow, to make progress in our lives. But, there is a select few that can care less about life, and care more about power, and control.

Through time, through our presence of daily living, we are not what we are supposed to be (Human-beings, freedom is the right of all sentient beings), but the very same violent creatures as we choose to be in war after war, after pointless war. We are just repeating history all over again. Our superior race (Human-beings), are suppose to be the responsible ones, we do not take responsibility for what we kill. We are creatures of highest responsibility to protect ourselves, our life on Earth (GAIA), and our planet. We caused this, we built this history, we created this mess, we progressed in this opportunity to do what? Just throw away our lives, for what? The possible future of peace of mind, and prosperity to happen through whose a greater power? This is why we fail as creatures that have the opportunity to progress as a Human CIVIL race. Our failures we just made even bigger. We saw what happened in wars prior to our own, and we saw an opportunity to make it bigger, and worse. If you ask me, these wars ARE a ridiculous excuse to becoming better people, progressing to become better superior creatures than those who don’t know any better.

If we as PEOPLE, have the chance to stand up and fight for what we believe in (LIFE), but so scared, so afraid that the government will find a way to make us the ones who believe in life turn out bad, then what are we? We all know the government (US Law officials, enforcement, snub nosed money greeders) will find anything, use everything to stop the people from talking. We lost our VOICE as people, we lost our freedom of speech, because Law found a loop hole, they found a backdoor to keep us afraid, keep us PEOPLE controlled. I feel strongly about our history, our race, I DO NOT like the way our government has control over us (US government Officials). They have us in a leash, they slowly, but surely broke us of our nature to stand up and VOICE our rights. Thinking about how our rights just slowly got taken away, silently, but deadly, makes me angry.

Many of you may hate me, but you will never break me of my freedom of will. If the government ever changes our laws into complete submission, I will not break, they may throw me in Jail, in prison, even execute me for being an enemy of the US (I have seen some cruel and unusual punishments in Terrorists cases, but never should be done no matter the creed, or color, or bias, and cover-ups (We know it exists, just don’t dwell on it)). "I don’t care if you are the President of the United States, you tell me to kneel before you and kiss your feet, and I will snap you like a twig, NOONE breaks my ‘WILL’, I will fight to the very end of my own life, I will not break for no man, I WILL NOT kneel before any authority figure, I WILL not be a part of any wars". I will stand as a MAN (Human Man) against the world if I have to. My inner being, is FULL of LIFE, and eager for more. It is unbelievably strong, and I am aware everyday. There is so much more about Life I yearn to explore, there is so much more about us as PEOPLE I am curious about? The many possibilities are endless. Science is endless. Our potential is endless. If time, history is endless, then so am I. There is more answers, yet to be discovered.

But we cannot for we are already destroying ourselves slowly, and then more rapidly than normal.

Art is important, it portrays the daily lives of the people in that culture. It shows what the people think is important, beautiful, and valid. Art expresses the emotions of that artists. Life without Art would be pretty dull.

A family medical history is a record of health information about a person of his/her close relatives. A complete record includes information from three generations of relatives. Families have many factors in common, includes their genes, environment, and lifestyle. These factors give clues to medical conditions that may run in a family. Noticeable patterns of disorders among relatives, healthcare professionals can determine whether an individual, other family members, or future generations may be at an increased risk of developing similar diagnosis.

You asked me why this history is important, it is because I yearn for life, not death. I still believe in our human race. For I am human as you.

We are all connected in some way or another. We are the puzzle pieces that need to bring together LIFE.

Thursday, June 3, 2010

Ethical Code Research

5th century BC; “Ancient Creek Medicine": [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1314187/Corpus-Hippocraticum]
Medical schools were established at Kos, and Cnidus. The "Corpus Hippocratic" is an anthology that students and practitioners studied. The physician known as Hippocrates, accredited as the father of modern medicine, writer of the 'Hippocratic Oath'. Had one goal, is to heal, not harm. [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1314187/Corpus-Hippocraticum]
In 6th century BC; "Corpus Hippcraticum": [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1314187/Corpus-Hippocraticum]
The' Greek' Medicinal Practices focused largely on supernatural phenomena's, it had a more clinical approach. Like science we know of treatments, cures, and other alternatives through observation and experience. The early works of Homer, Aristotle, Hippocrates Alcaemon (Hippocrates Asclepiades), "descendant of (the doctor-god) Asclepios", and others all show an advanced knowledge of physiology, surgical and medicinal practices. The people at this time view their heir of human physiology predominated the ideas of 'Essentialism'. {Essentialism, (Author: Brian Cliff, Spring 1996)}{(Culture and Imperialism [1994] 16).} [http://english.emory.edu/Bahri/Essentialism.html], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essentialism]
Essentialism was the belief that every living organism alive (This theory was applied to humans first and then to an eventual evolutionary paradigm), contained certain mixtures of the four elements; Earth, Air, Fire, and Water (Some Chinese cultures practiced this through physiological in expression, nowadays believe in this through Tai Chi, Wing Chuan, Taoism) The humours consisted of Black Bile, Phlegm, Yellow Bile, and Blood. {Rational choice v. evolutionary paradigm}, [http://faculty.washington.edu/modelski/EVOPARA.htm]
The Law of Hippocrates States: [http://www.bartleby.com/38/1/2.html]
“MEDICINE is of all the arts the most noble; but, owing to the ignorance of those who practice it, and of those who, inconsiderately, form a judgment of them, it is at present far behind all the other arts. Their mistake appears to me to arise principally from this, that in the cities there is no punishment connected with the practice of medicine (and with it alone) except disgrace, and that does not hurt those who are familiar with it. Such persons are like the figures which are introduced in tragedies, for as they have the shape, and dress, and personal appearance of an actor, but are not actors, so also physicians are many in title but very few in reality.
2. Whoever is to acquire a competent knowledge of medicine, ought to be possessed of the following advantages: a natural disposition; instruction; a favorable position for the study; early tuition; love of labor; leisure. First of all, a natural talent is required; for, when Nature leads the way to what is most excellent, instruction in the art takes place, which the student must try to appropriate to himself by reflection, becoming an early pupil in a place well adapted for instruction. He must also bring to the task a love of labor and perseverance, so that the instruction taking root may bring forth proper and abundant fruits.
3. Instruction in medicine is like the culture of the productions of the earth. For our natural disposition, is, as it were, the soil; the tenets of our teacher are, as it were, the seed; instruction in youth is like the planting of the seed in the ground at the proper season; the place where the instruction is communicated is like the food imparted to vegetables by the atmosphere; diligent study is like the cultivation of the fields; and it is time which imparts strength to all things and brings them to maturity.
4. Having brought all these requisites to the study of medicine, and having acquired a true knowledge of it, we shall thus, in travelling through the cities, be esteemed physicians not only in name but in reality. But inexperience is a bad treasure, and a bad fund to those who possess it, whether in opinion or reality, being devoid of self-reliance and contentedness, and the nurse both of timidity and audacity. For timidity betrays a want of powers, and audacity a lack of skill. They are, indeed, two things, knowledge and opinion, of which the one makes its possessor really to know, the other to be ignorant.
5. Those things which are sacred are to be imparted only to sacred persons; and it is not lawful to impart them to the profane until they have been initiated in the mysteries of the science.” [Harvard Classics, Vol. 38, Part 1, the Oath and Law of Hippocrates]
The Art of Peace; Morihei Ueshiba; Aikido, Martial Arts: [(As quoted in Traditional Aikido (1974), by Morihiro Saito, p. 38)]
I remember when I went to my first Aikido Lesson (Martial Arts, Steven Seagal, Example he himself put this in his first movie, 'Above the Law') I heard the quote from my master (Morihei Ueshiba, http://www.fightingmaster.com/masters/ueshiba/quotes.htm), "To 'hurt', 'kill' someone is easy, but to 'Heal' is not. Think beyond thought, for what is in your way. It is not our opponent; it is not the obstacles you see before you, but your train of thought. If you are wreck less, therefore you are dangerous? If you are careful, then you can control yourself. Amongst you all, is a superhuman, one that will heal what he 'HAD' destroyed. The ones that are demonic, 'ENJOYS' destruction, creates devastation. These people have no regard for human life". [The Art of Peace; Morihei Ueshiba; {Vitug, Bernard 2010, Quotes Heard Cited at 25 years old as a student}]
Original Quote; the Art of Peace; Morihei Ueshiba; Aikido, Martial Arts:
"The divine is not something high above us. It is in heaven, it is in earth, it is inside us"
"As soon as you concern yourself with the "good" and "bad" of your fellows, you create an opening in your heart for maliciousness to enter. Testing, competing with, and criticizing others weaken and defeat you."
"Heaven is right where you are standing, and that is the place to train." [http://www.pinner-aikido.com/en/aikido/articles/morihei-ueshiba-quotes-94]
320 BCE; Aristotle
Herophilus, one the first, performed the first public dissection, and Erasistratus, who worked on the physiology of the brain, nerves, arteries, and veins. Aristotle performed his comparative 'Anatomical' studies of both; animals and humans.
[http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/prehistory/aegean/culture/greekmedicine.html]
“If I fulfill this oath and do not violate it, may it be granted to me to enjoy life and art, being honored with fame among all men for all time to come; if I transgress it and swear falsely, may the opposite of all this be my lot.” [www.pbs.org]
THE OATH OF HIPPOCRATES; (The Hippocratic Oath as it was 470 to 460 BC) [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/greek/greek_oath.html]
“I SWEAR by Apollo the physician and Æsculapius, and Health, and All-heal, and all the gods and goddesses, that, according to my ability and judgment,” [http://www.cirp.org/library/ethics/hippocrates/]
The 'BEST' known ethical standard is the prohibitions, "to do no harm": Cite as: Oath of Hippocrates. [In: Harvard Classics, Volume 38. Boston: P.F. Collier and Son, 1910.]
The Hippocratic Oath Bounds us by many laws within the meaning. We must again, always take in mind the barrier we have promised to uphold. Limit ourselves from being the ultimate judge to decide ones fate of Life or Death. We are bound to treat 'all' patients and those in need of care. We are 'healers' of this world, we are the ones above all others; humanity within our souls gives us the power to heal. We set the role, the function of why people are still alive, and why we must pursue a better image of humanity than those who take them. [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/greek/greek_oath.html]
The Hippocratic Oath; (Modern Version): [http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=20909]
These Two Phrases proves the Ethical Value of our Way into Medicine, and scientific exploration for improvement:
“I SWEAR in the presence of the Almighty and before my family, my teachers and my peers that according to my ability and judgment I will keep this Oath and Stipulation”. {Upon graduation, many medical students take a modern version of the oath written by Louis Lasagna in 1964}
“I WILL FOLLOW that method of treatment which according to my ability and judgment, I consider for the benefit of my patient and abstain from whatever is harmful or mischievous. I will neither prescribe nor administer a lethal dose of medicine to any patient even if asked nor counsel any such thing nor perform the utmost respect for every human life from fertilization to natural death and reject abortion that deliberately takes a unique human life”. (Written in 1964 by Louis Lasagna, Academic Dean of the School of Medicine at Tufts University, and used in many medical schools today) [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/doctors/oath_modern.html]

Reference Page:
5th century BC; “Ancient Creek Medicine"
{Corpus Hippocraticum. (2010). In Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved June 03, 2010, from Encyclopedia Britannica Online}
[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1314187/Corpus-Hippocraticum]
In 6th century BC; "Corpus Hippcraticum"
The Law of Hippocrates States; Ethics in Medicine “Do no Harm”.
[http://www.bartleby.com/38/1/2.html]
{Essentialism, (Author: Brian Cliff, Spring 1996)}{(Culture and Imperialism [1994] 16).}
[http://english.emory.edu/Bahri/Essentialism.html], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essentialism]
{Evolution, EVOLUTIONARY PARADIGM FOR GLOBAL POLITICS)(INTERNATIONAL STUDIES QUARTERLY)(Vol. 40(3), September 1996, pp.321-342)(George Modelski, Department of Political Science, University of Washington))}
[http://faculty.washington.edu/modelski/EVOPARA.htm]
The Art of Peace; Morihei Ueshiba; Aikido, Martial Arts
(As quoted in Traditional Aikido (1974) by Morihiro Saito, p. 38)
{Vitug, Bernard 2010, Quotes Heard Cited at 25 years old as a student}
Original Quote Cited at; [http://www.pinner-aikido.com/en/aikido/articles/morihei-ueshiba-quotes-94]
{Instructors can impart only a fraction of the teaching. It is through your own devoted practice that the mysteries of the Art of Peace are brought to life.}
[http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Morihei_Ueshiba]
OATH OF HIPPOCRATES, Cerca 400 B.C.;
(Cite as: Oath of Hippocrates. In: Harvard Classics, Volume 38. Boston: P.F. Collier and Son, 1910.)
[http://www.cirp.org/library/ethics/hippocrates/]
The Hippocratic Oath: Modern Version;
(Written in 1964 by Louis Lasagna, Academic Dean of the School of Medicine at Tufts University, and used in many medical schools today). {Upon graduation, many medical students take a modern version of the oath written by Louis Lasagna in 1964}.
[http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/doctors/oath_modern.html]

Sunday, May 30, 2010

Patient's Diet Discussion

After attending the Elluminate session or watching the recording:
Write a half page summary on any three special diets that some patients require.
Explain, which patients need these diets, and what foods they need to avoid, when on these special diets.

Dialysis patients; End stage renal disease; Hem dialysis - diet; Peritoneal dialysis: Most dialysis patients urinate very little, or not at all. Therefore, fluid restriction between treatments is very important. Without urination, fluid will accumulate in the body and cause excess fluid in the heart, lungs, and ankles. The purpose of this diet is to maintain a balance of electrolytes, minerals, and fluid in patients on dialysis. The special diet is important because dialysis alone does not effectively eliminate all wastes. These wastes can accumulate between dialysis treatments. Patients on dialysis need a high protein intake to maintain adequate nutrition. With a risk that a patient can become malnourished. The dialysis diet controls the intake of fluid, protein, sodium, potassium, and phosphorus. The controlled amounts of each of these nutrients are based on the person’s blood levels of these sources. Fluid restriction is based on the amount of urine output and weight gain between dialysis treatments. List of suggestive approach to Dialysis Patients:

Protein

Pre - Dialysis patients must limit protein intake to slow the progression of kidney disease. These changes with the start of dialysis, which in turn causes the patient to need more protein. Patients on peritoneal dialysis need even higher protein, because a large amount of protein can be lost in the peritoneal fluid which is discarded.

Sodium

Most patients need to control the sodium (salt) intake in their diet. This helps maintain fluid balance in the body to avoid fluid retention and elevated blood pressure (When the heart is Relaxed the sodium cells come in, when the heart contracts the sodium gets pushed out, and the potassium comes in) (You’ll learn this is Cardiopulmonary).

Potassium

The daily intake of potassium is also controlled. This helps prevent hyperkalemia (a high level of potassium).

Phosphorous

The mineral phosphorus is also controlled by this diet. Patients need to reduce their intake of dairy products, and other foods high in phosphorus. Calcium supplements, which bind the phosphorus in food. It is important to take these calcium tablets with meals. The amount of binders (Sometimes given as non-calcium phosphorus binder, such as Rena gel) that need to be taken by each patient is determined by their blood levels of phosphorus and their intake.

Fluids

During kidney failure, the amount of urine produced drops. Patients on peritoneal dialysis usually retain their urine output for a longer time and have less restriction on fluid intake (The urine output stops once patients have been on dialysis for more than 6 months). Based on the amount of urine produced in a 24-hour period, the amount of weight gained between dialysis treatments is the recommended daily amount of fluid (The amount of fluid retention, the level of dietary sodium, and whether the patient has congestive heart failure needs to be considered).

Vitamins

People with kidney disease are more prone to heart disease, and often need to follow a low-fat diet. Depending on the persons weight, protein status, and daily calorie intake needs to be maintained to prevent the breakdown of body tissue. Multivitamin, works really well for this condition. The fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) are usually met by the diet. Vitamin D is supplemented depending on calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone levels, and given intravenously during the dialysis treatment. Intake of water-soluble vitamins is inadequate, as water-soluble vitamins are lost during the dialysis treatment (Keep the patient hydrated).
Calcium and iron are monitored supplementation of daily intake. Depending on the patient’s blood calcium levels, it is given in the dialysis solution, and adjusted. Most dialysis patients are iron deficient (Iron supplementation is based on iron studies, usually monitored every 3 months).

Many experts speculate that claims of nutritional remedies and cures with food or dietary supplements are related to the “Placebo affect”. The ‘Placebo Effect’ is the patient’s perception of improved symptoms and well being. Regardless of evidence for actual physical improvement.

A Healthy Diet:

= Eat a ‘Variety’ of foods, do not be picky.
= Balance the food you eat with physical activities (Maintain or improve your weight).
= Choose a diet w/plenty of grain products and vegetables, and fruits.
= Choose a diet low in fat, saturated fat and cholesterol
= Be careful w/ sugar intake (Very little).
= Moderate alcoholic intake (If you must Red Wine is healthier).
= Malnutrition (You must eat, do not starve yourself).

Patients with RA (Rheumatoid Arthritis) are considered to be nutritional risks. Their ‘Poor’ nutritional status in this patient population is thought to be the result of the weight loss. Cachexia linked to Cytokine production (The production of Cytokines, such as Interleukin - 1, and tumor Necrosis factor). Chronic inflammation, increases resting metabolic rate and protein breakdown. Prolonged dosing of other RA medications may be associated with conditions such as gastritis or peptic ulcer, frequently reducing a person’s desire to eat (Most patients, are prescribed Medical Marijuana, so that they are forced to eat).

The most common Vitamin, Mineral deficiencies in patients with RA, are; Folic acid, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Vitamin B6, Vitamin B12, Vitamin E, Calcium, Magnesium, Zinc and Selenium. Essential use of supplementation to assist in counterbalancing the outlined deficiencies and improving nutritional status for patients with RA (Supplementation of Calcium, and Vitamin D is recommended to decrease the risk of Osteoporosis).

Diet elimination therapy is a method of determining food hypersensitivities with patients. Elimination diets avoid a specific food or group of foods such as milk, meat or processed foods that are known to be prime allergies.

Dietary fatty acids such as Omega-3 fatty acids found in oils of fish and sea animals are of particular interest. In most of the studies using fish oils. It is important to note that fish oil supplements may interfere with blood clotting and increase the risk for stroke, consumed in conjunction with Aspirin, or other anti - inflammatory (Non - Steroid) drugs. Taking fish oils has also been linked to changes in bowel habits such as diarrhea (Causing an upset stomach). Omega-3 fatty acids, supplementation in the form of gelatin capsules is rather increased consumption of fish rich in Omega 3 fatty acids such as salmon, herring and mackerel is safer.

Patients who have Ameliorate, or Perpetuate arthritis, follow the US Dietary Guidelines for Healthy Americans and add a multiple vitamin - mineral supplement that contains 100% of the recommendations. Refrain from using a restricted diet in children with autism. (The statement is part of a larger consensus report on evaluating and treating gastrointestinal problems in children w/ Autism Spectrum Disorders) (Children with Autism are on gluten or Casein Free Diets).

Patients with Autism have a gluten-free, casein-free diet, which had no effect on autism symptoms, communication, or other measures after a period of time.

Autism Looked At:

•The prevalence of gastrointestinal problems in children with autism is still unknown, but estimates range widely, from 9% to over 70%.

•Gastrointestinal problems, such as chronic abdominal pain or diarrhea, may present as behavioral problems in autistic children.

Colonoscopy is a procedure used to see inside the colon (The colon and rectum are the two main parts of the large intestine.) and rectum (The rectum is about 6 inches long and connects the colon to the anus. Stool (BUTT) leaves the body. Muscles and nerves in the rectum and anus control bowel movements). This procedure can detect inflamed tissue, ulcers, and abnormal growths, bowel habits, abdominal pain, bleeding from the anus, and weight loss.

The doctor usually provides written instructions about how to prepare for colonoscopy. The process is called bowel prep. Solids must be emptied from the Gastrointestinal Tract by following a clear liquid diet for 1 to 3 days before the procedure. Patients should not drink beverages containing red or purple dye.

A laxative (Laxatives are usually swallowed in pill form or as a powder dissolved in water) or an enema (An enemy is performed by flushing water, or sometimes a mild soap solution, into the anus using a special wash bottle) may be required the night before colonoscopy. Patients should inform the doctor of all medical conditions and any medications, vitamins, or supplements taken regularly:

= Aspirin
= Arthritis medications
= Blood thinners
= Diabetes medications
= Vitamins that contain iron

The doctor and medical staff monitor vital signs and attempt to make patients as comfortable as possible. The doctor inserts a long, flexible, lighted tube called colonoscopies, into the anus; slowly guides it through the rectum, into the colon. The scope inflates the large intestine with carbon dioxide gas to give the doctor a better view (Don’t get excited this procedure is usually performed on men). A small camera mounted on the scope transmits a video image from inside the large intestine to a computer screen, allowing the doctor to carefully examine the intestinal lining. Once the scope has reached the opening to the small intestine, it is slowly withdrawn.

A doctor can remove growths, known as Polyps (Polyps are common in adults, and usually harmless. However, most colons - rectal cancer begins as a polyp, so removing polyps early is an effective way to prevent cancer). The procedure, called Biopsy, allows the doctor to later look at the tissue with a microscope for signs of disease.

The doctor removes Polyps, and takes Biopsy tissue using tiny tools passed through the scope. If bleeding occurs, the doctor can usually stop it with an electrical probe or special medications passed through the scope. Tissue removal and the treatments to stop bleeding are usually painless.

If the Patient develops any side effects should contact their doctor immediately:

= Severe abdominal pain
= Fever
= Bloody bowel movements
= Dizziness
= Weakness

When hospitalized your diet might need to be restricted, or enhanced. If you just had surgery on a part of your digestive system, or been diagnosed with an ailment, your diet might need to be altered as well.

The most common diets prescribed for hospital patients are:

Clear liquid diet = Often used first after surgery. It includes liquids you can see through, such as; Broth, Popsicles, Jell-O, and Ginger Ale, any related types of liquids. This is used to digesting food again in preparation for shifting to a more normal menu.

Full Liquid Diet = Adds liquids made of dairy products, such as; Cream Soups, Milk, Pudding, Ice Cream, and Yogurt.

Therapeutic Diets = Are prescribed for patients with specific conditions such as heart disease or diabetes. Heart (Cardiac Diet = Encourages choices of; Fruits and Vegetables, Whole Grains, Lean Meats.) patients are sometimes restricted in the use of; Salt, Cholesterol, and Saturated Fat.

Diabetic Diets = Are normally low in sugar and fat, and the doctor prescribes a specific number of calories per day as well.

Low Sodium Diets = Are ordered for those with kidney disease or high blood pressure, because the kidneys help to regulate sodium, fluid in the body, and blood pressure.

Other types of Diets = Low Bacteria Diet (Well Cooked Foods, cleanliness of preparation, practices such as; not sharing food containers with other patients, Freshly made for chemotherapy patients (Including other conditions that suppress the immune system).

Bland Diets = this consists of food that is easy to digest because it is soft, easy to chew and not heavily seasoned such as; Cooked Fruit, Mashed Potatoes, Cottage Cheese, Grits, and Cream of Wheat.

Gastro paresis Diet = For Delayed Stomach Emptying, the stomach must contract to empty itself of food and liquid. Caused by; various conditions such as diabetes mellitus, certain disorders of the nervous system, or certain drugs. A viral infection is suspected in some. This is to reduce symptoms and maintain adequate fluids and nutrition.

"It's easy to buy into some pretty popular nutrition misconceptions: Myths and Half-truths that ultimately find us making far fewer healthier food choices than we realize," says New York University nutritionist Samantha Heller, MS, RD.

Mistake No. 1: Assuming your choices are better than they actually are.

Mistake No. 2: Being confused about carbohydrates.

Mistake No. 3: Eating too much.

Mistake No. 4: Not eating enough -- or often enough.

Mistake No. 5: Taking too many supplements.

Mistake No. 6: Excluding exercise.

Mistake No. 7: Believing everything you read about nutrition and weight loss.

Digesting food = the human body is like an Oil Refinery. Through a complex process the Enzymes in the food are broken up, the necessary nutrients are absorbed, and the waste products are excreted. A disruption in any part of this process can lead to deficiencies, diseases, or even death.

Disorders and diseases in the Digestive Tract:

= Gastro esophageal reflux disease (GERD)


= Gastritis and ulcers


= Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)


= Inflammatory bowel disease - this includes ulcerative colitis and Crown’s disease


= Celiac disease


= Diverticulitis

Celiac Disease = is also known as celiac spruce, no tropical spruce, and gluten (Gluten is a protein found in wheat, rye, and barley) sensitive enteropathy. This effects the small intestine and its ability to absorb nutrients, resulting in deficiencies and health complications. With Celiac Disease your body reacts to gluten as if it were toxic, where this ends up damaging the Mucosal surface (The inner lining of the small intestine), causing the nutrients not absorb properly. Nutrients that include; vitamins, calcium, carbohydrates, protein, and fats.

Symptoms of Celiac Disease include (Peptic Ulcers falls into this category too):

= Gas

= Recurring stomach pain and bloating

= Diarrhea

= Constipation

= Weight loss/weight gain

= Fatigue

= Change in mood

= Pale, foul-smelling, or fatty stools

= Bone or joint pain

= Unexplained anemia

= Very itchy skin rash with blisters called dermatitis herpetiformis

= Muscle cramps

= Tingling numbness in the legs

= Pale sores in the mouth, called aphthous ulcers

= Osteoporosis

= Tooth discoloration or loss of enamel

= Failure to thrive in infants

= Delayed growth

Omitting patients with Gluten Diet = is the key to controlling Celiac Disease, strict dietary gluten elimination will heal the small intestine over time (weeks to months). It is imperative that your diet remains gluten-free. Any gluten in your diet will cause the damage to your intestine to reoccur.

Food and Beverages:

The CDC says listeriosis, a food-borne illness with mild flu-like symptoms that can be overlooked, can result in premature delivery, miscarriage, severe illness, or death of the baby. Heidi Murkoff, author of What to Expect When You're Expecting, concurs with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, which cautions that you not eat unpasteurized soft cheeses (and other unpasteurized dairy products), hotdogs, or lunch meat unless cooked. Cheeses made in the U.S. must be made from pasteurized milk (this process kills the listeria organism), so they are fairly safe. In March 2004, the FDA and EPA issued joint guidelines regarding eating fish during pregnancy. They advise women who are pregnant, nursing, or even considering having children to eat no more than two servings of fish each week in order to protect developing babies from high levels of potentially brain-damaging mercury. Every woman experiences different menopause symptoms. Most women have some hot flashes, some feel irritable, a smaller number of women battle headaches, nausea or night sweats. Remember, what works for one woman may not work for another, and what works for you now may not work as well a year from now.

= Certain foods are thought to trigger headaches.
= Dietary habits, like skipping meals, and not drinking enough fluids.

Causes of Migraines = Often, foods are triggers only when they are combined with other triggers. For example, they may act as triggers only when stress or hormonal changes are also at work.

Certain substances in food may cause changes in blood-vessel tone, bringing on migraines in susceptible people.

5 items, suspected of causing Migraines:

1. Chocolate.

2. Caffeine.

3. Alcohol.

4. Tyramine, may be found in:

5. Food additives such as nitrites/nitrates and MSG. Some consider certain food additives, including nitrites/nitrates and MSG (monosodium glutamate), to be common headache triggers.

Avoid High-Fat Diet = Believe it or not, changes in the level of certain fats circulating in your bloodstream coincide with the triggering of migraine headaches. The bottom line is that you want to lower the levels of blood lipids and free fatty acids in your bloodstream.

Step 1. Drink clear soda
Step 2. Flat Soda
Step 3. Clear Liquids
Step 4. Dairy Products

Whole grains, beans and legumes, nuts, fatty fish, and teas are just as important in offering all sorts of complex heart protective Phytonutrients (This applies to Breastfeeding patients too); Alcohol, Caffeine, Smoking

Thursday, May 27, 2010

PRESSURE SORES, PRESSURE ULCERS = PAIN

After reading chapter 37 in your textbook, write a half page summary on what measures nursing assistants can do to help prevent pressure sores in their patients. Include devices that can be used to relieve pressure sores.
Pressure ulcers are a common problem in palliative care patients. Pressure Sores are measured easily through these four stages of soreness:
Stage 1 - The skin is not broken but the color of the skin changes. The redness of a Stage 1 pressure sore is non-blanch able, which means that the skin does not turn pale when you press on it. You skin feels firmer, warmer, or cooler than the skin around it. You will feel pain, or itching in the area. Protect the area from further pressure, meaning the pressure sore do not go away easily.
Stage 2 - The top layer of the skin, including the skin just below it are damaged. Broken; Scrapes, blisters, caved-in.
Stage 3 - The damage to the tissue has gone all the way into the fatty layer; Looks like a deep crater under the skin, that is wider than the hole you see at the top of the skin.
Stage 4 - The pressure sore is a very deep wound that goes all of the way down into muscle, or the bone.
To prevent a pressure sore before it starts, protect the skin from friction, shearing, any stress. “Do not massage (rubbing-like) the skin over bony areas.
Check the skin several times a day. Look for redness over bony areas, areas that support a lot of body weight. Include a thorough check on the elbows, Achilles heel, butt, ankles, and hips, even breasts.
Keep your skin dry. Moisture from sweating, wound drainage, or urine can increase the risk of skin damage. Use clinical padding, bedclothes, sheets, or briefs that are made of materials that soak up moisture. Rotate changes to this to avoid irritation (A requirement from the CDC will come inspect this randomly). Moisture barrier products can help protect areas of skin that are exposed to moisture; If someone had Excessive ‘MALABSORPTION problems’ = (CELIAC DISEASE) (Uh, Diarrhea, come on were adults, why is this so hard to say in public), OAB = (Overactive Bladder), Bladder Infection (Cystitis = bacteria entering the bladder through the urethra with inflammation of your bladder), Urinary tract infections (UTIs = are infections of the bladder, urethra, and sometimes the kidney) (For this by the way my fellow classmates take some Cranberry NS 500 mg 180 caps (CRA13)) , may need moisture barrier to the buttocks, and groin area. Use soap, and warm (not hot) water to gently clean your skin. Do not rub, and avoid harsh soaps and products with alcohol. This will dry out your skin. Use lotion or a moisturizer on the skin often. Use a towel to gently pat (DO NOT RUB) the skin. Keep skin clean.
Change the patient’s positions frequently. When in bed, change the position of their entire body at least every one to two hours. Use a clock timer- thing; this may help remind you when it is time to turn the patient. Write a ‘Turning’ (HINT) schedule to help you remember to turn the patient. When helping a patient move in, and out of bed, to prevent putting stress on the skin, lifts the patient, do not slide the patient. Use cornstarch on the sheets to help keep the skin from dragging on the sheets during movement. To prevent damage to the skin from sliding down in bed, move the patients head rose as little as possible, for as short a time as possible. Report to Nurses or Managers about any vital sign changes, or Breathing problems the patient may have. We want to make our patients feel as comfortable as possible, they are our ‘GUESTS’, we must be nice and polite at all times, right. Unlike my wife, anyway moving on.
Do not rest the patients hipbone directly, lying on their side. Have the patient lean back into a pillow (foam wedge), behind their back when lying on their side. This will decrease the pressure put directly on the patient’s hipbone. Use pillows (anything soft-like, really) to keep bony areas from touching one another: Use a pillow between the patient’s knees to keep them from pressing on one another. Keep their heels from touching the bed when lying on their back. Do this by putting a foam pad or a pillow under their legs from mid-calf to ankle. The pillow should raise the heels enough for proper circulation. ‘Never’ (*HINT) put a pillow under your knees.
The use of a ‘turn sheet’ or a mattress pad under the patients buttocks, and upper body help others move the up in bed. An overhead trapeze can help them to change positions in bed. Special mattresses and overlays will help decrease the risk of ‘Pressure Sores’.
Keep the bottom sheet of the bed free of wrinkles. Make sure there are no hard items in the bed, such as crumbs or hairpins. Avoid clothing that has buttons, zippers, or thick seams that could put pressure on your skin. Exercises you can be done in bed (Exercising helps the blood flow to your skin) (I know I’m always talking about exercise, but honestly ‘Sexercise’ is even better). If the patient is at high-risk of getting pressure sores, do not have the patient sit in a chair for longer than two hours at a time. Lift, or sling to move the patient in bed, remove the sling and equipment from underneath, right after the patient is moved *We do not want anyone tripping, or clumsy enough to crash into this and hurt the patient even more because someone lost their balance) (This can be avoided).
Have the patient sit up straight in a chair or wheelchair. Change their position every hour; shift their weight from one side to the other every 15 minutes. Make sure their feet are supported, and not hanging freely. Use seat pads that are specially made to decrease pressure on your buttocks and hips. Again be respectful of the patient (Even though, they may be really hot, and you can’t help yourself but glare at his/her/its buttocks, legs, face, because he/she/it is chemistry igniting with yours, like he/she/it is the love of your life) (AHEM!, okay just be careful). Moving on.
Below is the disclosure you’ll either hear, or see while in the hospital;

Risks: Preventing pressure sores is very important. Pressure sores can be hard to heal once they start. They can cause pain, and discomfort. If a pressure sore gets bad, you may need to stay in the hospital. You may get a bad infection (in-FECK-shun) because of your pressure sore. A pressure sore can take weeks to months to heal, or may not heal at all. A pressure sore can be very serious, even life threatening.

PATIENT’S CARE AGREEMENT:

You have the right to help plan your care. To help with this plan, you must learn about your health condition and how it may be treated. You can then discuss treatment options with your caregivers. Work with them to decide what care may be used to treat you. You always have the right to refuse treatment.

Wednesday, May 26, 2010

Blood Pressure

Well let’s find out, what is Blood Pressure? = Blood is carried from the heart to all parts of your body in vessels called arteries. Blood pressure is the force of the blood pushing against the walls of the arteries. Each time the heart beats (about 60-70 times a minute at rest); it pumps out blood into the arteries. ‘Systolic Pressure’ is Blood Pressure at its highest when your heart beats, pumping the blood. Diastolic Pressure is when your heart is relaxed, between beats, your blood pressure falls. Blood pressure is always given as these two numbers, the systolic and diastolic pressures. 120/80 mmHg. The top number is the systolic and the bottom the diastolic. When the two measurements are written down, the systolic pressure is the first or top number, and the diastolic pressure is the second or bottom number. If your over 120 then considered pre-hypertension, your systolic is over 220, then you are in sever hypertension. Your diastolic is over 120 then you are in severe need of a doctor’s care. Blood pressure changes during the day. It is lowest as you sleep and rises when you get up. It also can rise when you are excited, nervous, or active.

So what do we need to take into account with blood pressure? = High blood pressure is the result of another medical problem a few of them listed. When the cause is known, this is called secondary high blood pressure. Younger women, have the narrowing, a thickening of the muscular wall of the arteries going to the kidney (fibro muscular hyperplasia). For those older, elder people, the narrowing generally is due to hard, fat-containing (atherosclerotic) plaques that are blocking the renal artery. ‘Renal Hypertension’ is narrowing (steno sis) of the artery that supplies blood to the kidneys (renal artery). Isolated systolic hypertension, however, is defined as a systolic pressure that is above 140 mm Hg with a diastolic pressure that still is below 90. This disorder primarily affects older people and is characterized by an increased (wide) pulse pressure. High blood pressure (HBP) or hypertension means high pressure (tension) in the arteries. Emotional tension and stress can temporarily increase blood pressure, too.

So we have to consider that when we take blood pressure, we still follow ‘GUIDELINES’, rules regulations, the ‘ASEPTIC’ techniques, apply the right ‘CUFF’, use caution when administering it to a patient (SEXUAL HARRASMENT, lawsuit). We can take into account the patients name, so they feel better about whom they are getting screened by. We must be polite, of course at all times. Find other alternatives; use the manual devices for accuracy. Make sure you patient is comfortable, and relaxed, need of assistance in seating blood pressure is best taken when you are still and quiet. If you just did a marathon, running, smoking, having sex, the patient will give out the wrong type of blood pressure, for we already know, it’s high. So we must make sure that they are neutral before we take blood pressure to get an accurate reading. Sometimes, our patients will ‘NOT’ want to hear this. But, when they do ask about possible alternatives, then we can ‘ONLY’ suggest. We are not doctors to diagnose, or their mothers to tell them what to do? So we always look for possible signs, vital signs, the fifth vital signs, and observe our patients. We are not there to judge them, just help them. Take out IV's and anything invasive to your patient's body, this will be safe.

Ways to lower your blood pressure:
1. Manage Your Weight
2. Exercise
3. Manage a Good Diet
4. Low Sodium Diet
5. Limit Alcohol Intake
6. Avoid tobacco products and secondhand smoke
7. Reduce Caffeine
8. Reduce your Stress, Rest
9. Monitor Blood Pressure at home and make Regular Doctor Appointments
10. Get support from family and friends

Monday, May 24, 2010

Pain Intervention

After reading chapter 27 in your textbook, write a one page summary on
1. Assessing the intensity, location, and nature of pain
2. Different pain interventions that can be used to minimize and eliminate pain

The differences really, that pain intervention we must recognize the pain, locate it next, and ask about the nature of the pain with our patients.

We ask the patient about the Intensity, usually by showing a picture is most useful when dealing with a child.

Then we ask about the pain, locating it, having the patient show us, maybe a little more detail about the pain.

When it comes to asking the patient about the nature of the pain, a few questions are what we are likely to ask;
Did the pain start suddenly?
Does it feel like a burning pain, inflammation?
Does it feel like a pinching pain?
Does it feel like a stabbing pain?
Other series of questions is necessary to ask, because we need to know how we can help our patient to our best of care. When new pain arises, we do the whole process all over again, and start from scratch.

Ways to help our patient with this pain, can be nullify more pain later, when we can help them with the discomfort before it spreads, and causes even more pain.

Other ways we can recognize the pain is to;
Listen for abnormal behavior
Watch for signs of discomfort

Observing the patient is the vest way to recognizing the pain they are experiencing. The most common way for patients to have pain after having the first pain, is neglect I think. Caring for our patients is our number one service we must provide with the deepest care. This will help minimize, shorten pain interventions, and possibly eliminate any more discomfort than what the patient is already enduring.

Ways to Prevent Heart Disease

There are ways to prevent heart disease from occurring. Research prevention of heart disease. As an assignment write a list of ways to prevent heart disease. Interact with at least two other students.
There are many ways to prevent from having disease. There are ways to prevent many things.
1. Do not smoke or use tobacco products.
2. Exercise, be proactive.
3. Eating right, a Heart-healthy diet. All the vitamins you see over the counter drugs is good for you too. Check your cholesterol, and blood pressure.
4. Maintaining a healthy diet, weight, and staying in shape.
5. Get a check up with your regular doctor, a monthly physical is always good.
This next paragraph I’m going to write had a lot to do with the fact that my mother had feinting spells, and her cholesterol just too high, and became diabetic, because he would not lay off the sweets, coffee, and fatty meats. So I ended up changing her kitchen, literally throwing away all unnecessary and unhealthy types of food. You can choose are like instead of vegetable oil, Olive oil. Saturated fats can also be bad for your heart. Pick low fat protein types of food. Eat more vegetables and fruits (This may be annoying to hear over and over again. Please, take this seriously it helps your body better than foods that can kill you slowly). By selecting whole grains you will never go wrong. I seriously doubt that a majority of our population is allergic to whole grains. As a matter of fact, have you known anyone to be allergic to whole grains? Especially grains that have an equal amount of fiber and iron.
Note: My parents do not like me telling them what to do, but it helped. Because if they needed my help, then the only way was to listen to me. So now, they are eating better, and getting healthier.
Note: We went through this coure about eating, and being healthy through MED 201. Hint.