Thursday, June 3, 2010

Ethical Code Research

5th century BC; “Ancient Creek Medicine": [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1314187/Corpus-Hippocraticum]
Medical schools were established at Kos, and Cnidus. The "Corpus Hippocratic" is an anthology that students and practitioners studied. The physician known as Hippocrates, accredited as the father of modern medicine, writer of the 'Hippocratic Oath'. Had one goal, is to heal, not harm. [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1314187/Corpus-Hippocraticum]
In 6th century BC; "Corpus Hippcraticum": [http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1314187/Corpus-Hippocraticum]
The' Greek' Medicinal Practices focused largely on supernatural phenomena's, it had a more clinical approach. Like science we know of treatments, cures, and other alternatives through observation and experience. The early works of Homer, Aristotle, Hippocrates Alcaemon (Hippocrates Asclepiades), "descendant of (the doctor-god) Asclepios", and others all show an advanced knowledge of physiology, surgical and medicinal practices. The people at this time view their heir of human physiology predominated the ideas of 'Essentialism'. {Essentialism, (Author: Brian Cliff, Spring 1996)}{(Culture and Imperialism [1994] 16).} [http://english.emory.edu/Bahri/Essentialism.html], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essentialism]
Essentialism was the belief that every living organism alive (This theory was applied to humans first and then to an eventual evolutionary paradigm), contained certain mixtures of the four elements; Earth, Air, Fire, and Water (Some Chinese cultures practiced this through physiological in expression, nowadays believe in this through Tai Chi, Wing Chuan, Taoism) The humours consisted of Black Bile, Phlegm, Yellow Bile, and Blood. {Rational choice v. evolutionary paradigm}, [http://faculty.washington.edu/modelski/EVOPARA.htm]
The Law of Hippocrates States: [http://www.bartleby.com/38/1/2.html]
“MEDICINE is of all the arts the most noble; but, owing to the ignorance of those who practice it, and of those who, inconsiderately, form a judgment of them, it is at present far behind all the other arts. Their mistake appears to me to arise principally from this, that in the cities there is no punishment connected with the practice of medicine (and with it alone) except disgrace, and that does not hurt those who are familiar with it. Such persons are like the figures which are introduced in tragedies, for as they have the shape, and dress, and personal appearance of an actor, but are not actors, so also physicians are many in title but very few in reality.
2. Whoever is to acquire a competent knowledge of medicine, ought to be possessed of the following advantages: a natural disposition; instruction; a favorable position for the study; early tuition; love of labor; leisure. First of all, a natural talent is required; for, when Nature leads the way to what is most excellent, instruction in the art takes place, which the student must try to appropriate to himself by reflection, becoming an early pupil in a place well adapted for instruction. He must also bring to the task a love of labor and perseverance, so that the instruction taking root may bring forth proper and abundant fruits.
3. Instruction in medicine is like the culture of the productions of the earth. For our natural disposition, is, as it were, the soil; the tenets of our teacher are, as it were, the seed; instruction in youth is like the planting of the seed in the ground at the proper season; the place where the instruction is communicated is like the food imparted to vegetables by the atmosphere; diligent study is like the cultivation of the fields; and it is time which imparts strength to all things and brings them to maturity.
4. Having brought all these requisites to the study of medicine, and having acquired a true knowledge of it, we shall thus, in travelling through the cities, be esteemed physicians not only in name but in reality. But inexperience is a bad treasure, and a bad fund to those who possess it, whether in opinion or reality, being devoid of self-reliance and contentedness, and the nurse both of timidity and audacity. For timidity betrays a want of powers, and audacity a lack of skill. They are, indeed, two things, knowledge and opinion, of which the one makes its possessor really to know, the other to be ignorant.
5. Those things which are sacred are to be imparted only to sacred persons; and it is not lawful to impart them to the profane until they have been initiated in the mysteries of the science.” [Harvard Classics, Vol. 38, Part 1, the Oath and Law of Hippocrates]
The Art of Peace; Morihei Ueshiba; Aikido, Martial Arts: [(As quoted in Traditional Aikido (1974), by Morihiro Saito, p. 38)]
I remember when I went to my first Aikido Lesson (Martial Arts, Steven Seagal, Example he himself put this in his first movie, 'Above the Law') I heard the quote from my master (Morihei Ueshiba, http://www.fightingmaster.com/masters/ueshiba/quotes.htm), "To 'hurt', 'kill' someone is easy, but to 'Heal' is not. Think beyond thought, for what is in your way. It is not our opponent; it is not the obstacles you see before you, but your train of thought. If you are wreck less, therefore you are dangerous? If you are careful, then you can control yourself. Amongst you all, is a superhuman, one that will heal what he 'HAD' destroyed. The ones that are demonic, 'ENJOYS' destruction, creates devastation. These people have no regard for human life". [The Art of Peace; Morihei Ueshiba; {Vitug, Bernard 2010, Quotes Heard Cited at 25 years old as a student}]
Original Quote; the Art of Peace; Morihei Ueshiba; Aikido, Martial Arts:
"The divine is not something high above us. It is in heaven, it is in earth, it is inside us"
"As soon as you concern yourself with the "good" and "bad" of your fellows, you create an opening in your heart for maliciousness to enter. Testing, competing with, and criticizing others weaken and defeat you."
"Heaven is right where you are standing, and that is the place to train." [http://www.pinner-aikido.com/en/aikido/articles/morihei-ueshiba-quotes-94]
320 BCE; Aristotle
Herophilus, one the first, performed the first public dissection, and Erasistratus, who worked on the physiology of the brain, nerves, arteries, and veins. Aristotle performed his comparative 'Anatomical' studies of both; animals and humans.
[http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/prehistory/aegean/culture/greekmedicine.html]
“If I fulfill this oath and do not violate it, may it be granted to me to enjoy life and art, being honored with fame among all men for all time to come; if I transgress it and swear falsely, may the opposite of all this be my lot.” [www.pbs.org]
THE OATH OF HIPPOCRATES; (The Hippocratic Oath as it was 470 to 460 BC) [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/greek/greek_oath.html]
“I SWEAR by Apollo the physician and Æsculapius, and Health, and All-heal, and all the gods and goddesses, that, according to my ability and judgment,” [http://www.cirp.org/library/ethics/hippocrates/]
The 'BEST' known ethical standard is the prohibitions, "to do no harm": Cite as: Oath of Hippocrates. [In: Harvard Classics, Volume 38. Boston: P.F. Collier and Son, 1910.]
The Hippocratic Oath Bounds us by many laws within the meaning. We must again, always take in mind the barrier we have promised to uphold. Limit ourselves from being the ultimate judge to decide ones fate of Life or Death. We are bound to treat 'all' patients and those in need of care. We are 'healers' of this world, we are the ones above all others; humanity within our souls gives us the power to heal. We set the role, the function of why people are still alive, and why we must pursue a better image of humanity than those who take them. [http://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/greek/greek_oath.html]
The Hippocratic Oath; (Modern Version): [http://www.medterms.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=20909]
These Two Phrases proves the Ethical Value of our Way into Medicine, and scientific exploration for improvement:
“I SWEAR in the presence of the Almighty and before my family, my teachers and my peers that according to my ability and judgment I will keep this Oath and Stipulation”. {Upon graduation, many medical students take a modern version of the oath written by Louis Lasagna in 1964}
“I WILL FOLLOW that method of treatment which according to my ability and judgment, I consider for the benefit of my patient and abstain from whatever is harmful or mischievous. I will neither prescribe nor administer a lethal dose of medicine to any patient even if asked nor counsel any such thing nor perform the utmost respect for every human life from fertilization to natural death and reject abortion that deliberately takes a unique human life”. (Written in 1964 by Louis Lasagna, Academic Dean of the School of Medicine at Tufts University, and used in many medical schools today) [http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/doctors/oath_modern.html]

Reference Page:
5th century BC; “Ancient Creek Medicine"
{Corpus Hippocraticum. (2010). In Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved June 03, 2010, from Encyclopedia Britannica Online}
[http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/1314187/Corpus-Hippocraticum]
In 6th century BC; "Corpus Hippcraticum"
The Law of Hippocrates States; Ethics in Medicine “Do no Harm”.
[http://www.bartleby.com/38/1/2.html]
{Essentialism, (Author: Brian Cliff, Spring 1996)}{(Culture and Imperialism [1994] 16).}
[http://english.emory.edu/Bahri/Essentialism.html], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essentialism]
{Evolution, EVOLUTIONARY PARADIGM FOR GLOBAL POLITICS)(INTERNATIONAL STUDIES QUARTERLY)(Vol. 40(3), September 1996, pp.321-342)(George Modelski, Department of Political Science, University of Washington))}
[http://faculty.washington.edu/modelski/EVOPARA.htm]
The Art of Peace; Morihei Ueshiba; Aikido, Martial Arts
(As quoted in Traditional Aikido (1974) by Morihiro Saito, p. 38)
{Vitug, Bernard 2010, Quotes Heard Cited at 25 years old as a student}
Original Quote Cited at; [http://www.pinner-aikido.com/en/aikido/articles/morihei-ueshiba-quotes-94]
{Instructors can impart only a fraction of the teaching. It is through your own devoted practice that the mysteries of the Art of Peace are brought to life.}
[http://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Morihei_Ueshiba]
OATH OF HIPPOCRATES, Cerca 400 B.C.;
(Cite as: Oath of Hippocrates. In: Harvard Classics, Volume 38. Boston: P.F. Collier and Son, 1910.)
[http://www.cirp.org/library/ethics/hippocrates/]
The Hippocratic Oath: Modern Version;
(Written in 1964 by Louis Lasagna, Academic Dean of the School of Medicine at Tufts University, and used in many medical schools today). {Upon graduation, many medical students take a modern version of the oath written by Louis Lasagna in 1964}.
[http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/doctors/oath_modern.html]

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